Substance Abuse Media Representation of Drug Abusers

The war on drugs isn't finished at this point and it is probably not going to be done in the ongoing future. Americans are shelled by messages about negative impacts of substance misuse. Media give an assortment of anecdotes about savage wrongdoings related with medicate abuse.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Substance Abuse: Media Representation of Drug Abusers explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Officials continue discussing the need to dispatch programs planned for declaring sound ways of life. In fact, these methodologies will help create fitting popular assessment on the issue. By and by, it is imperative to consider different patterns existing in the general public. In this manner, comprehend that the mentality towards substance misuse isn't static as it is continually evolving. It is likewise pivotal to ensure there is no predisposition in media portrayal of substance abusers as this contrarily influences advancement of the Amer ican culture. At long last, it is essential to comprehend to what degree the picture made by media influences individuals and shapes their demeanor towards substance misuse. Hence, it is conceivable to express that proper media portrayal of substance misuse may help create American culture where medications are viewed as something hurtful, pointless and unnecessary. To create fitting methodologies planned for proclaiming sound ways of life, it is important to ensure that they will be founded on broad information on substance abusers. As indicated by Kugler and Darley (2012) the very picture of medication abusers has changed all through decades. In the twentieth century, â€Å"the media upheld a reformatory way to deal with sedate policy† (Kugler Darley, 2012, p. 217). Medication abusers were portrayed as individuals who were frequently occupied with vicious wrongdoing activities.Advertising Looking for research paper on wellbeing medication? We should check whether we can sup port you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reportedly, Americans had worries that their nearby ones may become casualties of an assortment of wrongdoings related with drugs (Kugler Darley, 2012). In any case, the discernment is changing as individuals begin embracing less corrective methodology in the twenty-first century. As indicated by Kugler and Darley (2012, p. 217) â€Å"only 30 percent of the open currently accepts that the legislature ought to stress capturing drug users† and there is developing help of sanctioning of such substance as weed. In numerous states the nation over, an ever increasing number of individuals are changing their perspective on the issue. Pot isn't viewed as a hurtful medication any longer as it is viewed as another prescription. These patterns mean the move in popular supposition. Presently medicates are not viewed as essential worry in the American culture. As has been referenced above, media portrayal of medication abusers is expo sed to an assortment of bias. As indicated by Cobbina (2008), racial and ethnic minority bunches are regularly portrayed as substance abusers. These gatherings of individuals are frequently connected with sedate related violations. Cobbina (2008) actualized research dependent on examination of in excess of 100 paper articles. The creator found that African Americans had regularly been delineated as substance abusers and crooks who compromised request in the American culture. Fig..1. Medication Use in 2002-2011 by Race. This figure delineates the paces of medication abusers among various race gatherings (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2012).Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Substance Abuse: Media Representation of Drug Abusers explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More At this point, it is important to bring up that race isn't the characterizing factor with regards to substance misuse. As indicated by US Department of Health and H uman Services (2012) Asians ended up being the ethnic gathering with lower paces of substance abusers contrasted with other ethnic gatherings (see Figure 1). In 2011, the pace of substance abusers were as per the following, African Americans (10%), whites (8.7%), Hispanics (8.4%) (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). Plainly, race isn't the characterizing factor influencing people’s decision. Simultaneously, training and financial elements assume essential jobs (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). Minorities regularly face a ton of segregation and they frequently have less chances. This may prompt absence of confidence which, in its turn, may prompt medication misuse. Regardless, the information show that ethnic gatherings have very comparative paces of medication abusers. Independent, of these information media keep building up a picture of a substance abuser as a minority who is regularly occupied with unlawful exercises. Beckett et al. (2005) g ave representation of the picture that endured in the general public toward the finish of the twentieth century and in the start of the twenty-first century. As indicated by Beckett et al. (2005), the picture of a non-white medication abuser is as yet solid and still influences the manner in which police treat lawbreakers and suspects. Presently numerous individuals will in general accept that dark or Hispanic medication abusers must be rebuffed seriously as they might be occupied with an assortment of savage wrongdoings though white medication abusers ought to be let off with admonitions and fines and some open works. The reasons why individuals of various racial gatherings become substance abusers are likewise observed in an unexpected way. White substance abusers are frequently observed as casualties of joblessness, absence of chances, terrible condition, and so forth. With regards to non-white individuals, many believe substance abusers to be hoodlums, not victims.Advertising Searching for research paper on wellbeing medication? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More It is important to take note of that this picture additionally perseveres in media which can have an assortment of consequences for the contemporary American culture. As per Shaw, Whitehead and Giles (2010) media portrayal shapes general sentiment and particularly youthful people’s perspectives towards substance maltreatment to a significant degree. The examination actualized by Shaw, Whitehead and Giles (2010) outlines this supposition. Along these lines, Amy Whitehouse is viewed as a gifted youthful female who turned into a casualty of substance misuse. At that, she is viewed as a survivor of street pharmacists. However, the vocalist fairly romanticized substance use in her works, individuals don't imagine that she invigorated youthful admirers to begin ingesting medications. Despite what might be expected, her abrupt demise can be viewed as a precautionary measure to all who should think about consuming medications. Amy Whitehouse is a representation of a picture of a white youthful female who is fairly a survivor of horrible condition. Shaw, Whitehead and Giles (2010) dissected various papers articles and it worked out that those sources made the picture of a casualty. It is conceivable to evoke another picture. Cobbina (2008) gave an outline of another picture. At the point when it came to white arrestees, they were viewed as the individuals who purchased the substance for individual use. Once more, white abusers were spoken to as casualties who attempted to escape from reality as they didn't discover another approach to address their issues related with money related imperatives. Simultaneously, ethnic minorities were portrayed as crooks who sold and purchased sedates and were tranquilize abusers. It is conceivable to take note of that media have made a picture of a dark arrestee who is a crook and a danger to the American culture. Obviously, these two pictures have been made based on an assortment of inclinations. Individuals will in general feel that non-white individuals regularly live in poor neighborhoods with barely any chances and this, as individuals might suspect, definitely prompts sedate maltreatment. All the more in this way, many believe that ethnic minorities pick criminal way and become a danger to the whole society. Simultaneously, white abusers are viewed as survivors of criminal gatherings. It is likewise important to take note of that media portrayal of substance abusers influences general supposition. Strikingly, numerous individuals continue looking at romanticizing of medications use the same number of movies and melodies make pictures of a medication abuser who is inventive, solid and free. Nonetheless, most recent reviews show that this portrayal isn't sufficient to make youngsters begin ingesting medications (Shaw, Whitehead and Giles, 2010). However, financial elements assume fundamental job. Clearly, better life conditions and ‘healthy’ condition will urge individuals to live without dr ugs. Media ought to likewise show the opposite side of medications without accentuating such focuses as ethnicity or race. To summarize, obviously media portrayal of medication abusers is exposed to changes. It reflects patterns existing in the general public. Notwithstanding, it additionally impacts the manner in which individuals see substance abusers. Along these lines, it is conceivable to dispatch different projects and activities to cause individuals to comprehend that medications are unsafe and pointless. Media can give various stories making satisfactory picture of a medication abuser. Obviously, this portrayal ought to be liberated from any inclination. Individuals can't keep believing that white substance abusers are just casualties that ought to be comprehended and pardoned while minorities ought to be seriously rebuffed whenever related with substance misuse. This improper portrayal prompts the circumstance when a few people appreciate exemption though others are sought after for smallest devilishness. Reference List Beckett, K., Nyrop, K., Pfingst, L. Bowen, M. (2005). Medication use, sedate belonging captures, and the topic of race: Lessons from Seattle. Social Problems, 52(3), 419-441. Cobbina, J.E (2008). Race and class contrasts in print media depictions of rocks and methamphetamine. Diary of Criminal and Popular Culture, 15(2), 145-167. Kugler, M.B. Darley, J.M. (2012). Corrective nature towards clients of illegal medications: A divergence among real and saw mentalities. Government Sentencing Reporter, 24(3), 217-221. Shaw, R.L., Whitehead, C. Giles, D.C. (2010). â€Å"Crack down on t

Physical Changes on a Flower

[pic] The Stages of a Flower from Seed to Bloom (The procedure by which blossoms changed genuinely) It for the most part takes in any event seven weeks for a blossom proliferated from a seed to sprout. The development and advancement of blossoms happens more than half a month from the germination of seeds planted in the ground to the time in which blossoms sprout. The whole procedure occurs in around five phases for most blossoms. Albeit diverse blossom species have different sprout periods, the general development and advancement process is essentially the equivalent for all flowers.Moderate varieties in the time allotment of specific stages may vary by bloom species. Stage 1: Days 1 Through 5 The seed starts the germination procedure not long after being planted. During day 3 of the underlying development and advancement stage, imbibition begins whereby the dry seed takes in water from the beginning. Soon after this happens, the radical (root) rises up out of the seed coat approxim ately day 4. On day 5, the extreme starts to expand and builds up a root framework toward one side and a stem at the other end.The stem begins the way toward advancing upward and in the long run past the dirt's surface. Stage 2: Days 6 Through 26 Stage 2 is the phase wherein a blossom's leaves create. Leaf improvement for the most part starts on day 6 and proceeds to day 26. Leaves start as modest rosettes (leaf buds). As the stem starts developing leaves, the advancement of a blossom's essential root structure additionally comes full circle as a rule at some point after day 14. Despite the fact that leaf development doesn't formally occur until stage 3, the principal leaf buds may start developing after day 18 and proceed until day 26. Stage 3: Days 19 Through 30Slight leaf development cover exists between stages 2 and 3 to represent the timespan in which the underlying leaf buds leave on development. In any case, stage 3 authoritatively denotes the whole leaf development period. D uring this stage the entirety of the leaf buds develop until every one arrives at full development at about day 29. It's additionally workable for stage 4 to start during the last part (day 26) of the leaf development stage. Stage 4: Day 26 Day 26 is the day wherein most blossoms experience inflorescence development. At the end of the day, blossom buds begin showing up on the stem, meaning stage 4 of development.It regularly happens at the finish of stage 3 leaf development; in any case, it is treated as a different stage, in light of the fact that the period demonstrates the development and advancement only of blossoms. Stage 5: Days 31 Through 49 Stage 5 starts the bloom creation stage. On roughly day 31, the main bloom bud opens. Extra blossom buds keep opening all through an approximately 18-day sprout period until day 49 so, all in all bloom creation normally closes. Why some substance changes are significant? Without compound responses, substance procedures and synthetic chang es couldn't occur.Without concoction forms, life is unimaginable. Anything alive will be alive (in any event to a limited extent, if not in total) as a result of the biochemical procedures going on in the creature. No science rises to no life. Every living thing are (no matter what) biochemical components or biochemical machines. [pic]References:1. The Stages of a Flower From Seed to Bloom | eHow. comâ http://www. ehow. com/list_7576728_stages-blossom seed-sprout. html#ixzz2BpA87y462. http://wiki. answers. com/Q/Why_ are_ chemical_ reactions_ important_ in_ living_ things3. http://www. oogle. com. ph/imgres? um=1&hl= fil&biw= 1024&bih =505&tbm= isch&tbnid= ZAM01aVdTEe4zM :&imgrefurl= http://www. usnon. com/frequency of-hypertrophic - scars-physiology - of-nutrient - d-3. htm &docid =k3rsn FHNOJIXuM&imgurl = http://www. usnon. com/wp-content/transfers/2009/1 0/Figure

Fortune Magazine Says LinkedIn is Rocking!

Fortune Magazine Says LinkedIn is Rocking! On July 15, in an interview by Margaret Larkin on WCKG Chicago’s Geoff Pinkus Show, I was asked what main mistakes people are making on LinkedIn. My response was that the biggest mistake people make is not being on LinkedIn in the first place â€" or not taking it seriously if they are. This sentiment was echoed in a July 2013 Fortune Magazine article entitled, “LinkedIn: How It’s Changing Business (And How to Make it Work for You).” Journalist Jessi Hempel asserts, “In the past year LinkedIn has emerged as one of the most powerful business tools on the planet.” She reports that according to ComScore, the number of users who log on at least once a month has jumped 37% over last year, to 141 million worldwide. Furthermore, 88 of the Fortune 100 use LinkedIn’s licensed recruiting software to search for job candidates; the software obviates the need to pay a headhunter. As a job seeker or business person, why would you not want to jump on the LinkedIn bandwagon with full enthusiasm? LinkedIn is largely conceived as a job seeking hot spot. It might be telling that students represent LinkedIn’s fastest-growing member group, ostensibly because they are cognizant that it is essential to have a positive presence on LinkedIn when entering the job market. What students and other professionals might not realize, as described in the article, is that LinkedIn is not just a tool for job seekers. Large corporations such as Citigroup, NetSuite and Dell are using the power of this business network to target markets, conduct surveys, and conduct creative marketing activities. Also not obvious to most of us is that LinkedIn is working on collecting information that will likely provide some of the most accurate and valuable information about the job market and business throughout the world. CEO Jeff Weiner envisions that “LinkedIn will provide a real-time measure of where jobs exist, where customers aren’t being served, and where people need training.” One use of the site, for example, would be to identify what colleges are best for obtaining certain jobs after college. After all, LinkedIn has accurate information on where all its members went to college and what types of jobs they’re in now. Watch out U.S. News World Report â€" LinkedIn is coming! People are paying attention to LinkedIn. The author of the Fortune article related that she updated her LinkedIn profile as part of writing the story; and her colleagues noticed. They jumped to the conclusion that maybe she was thinking of looking for a new jobâ€"a common perception when someone updates a profile. But the reality is that updating a profile is a good idea for everyone, not just job seekers. It is a way to “touch” your network and gain visibility. Maybe you’ll get a lunch meeting out of it, or an interesting information exchange. Perhaps the most interesting point of this article to me personally is that LinkedIn has a vested interest in having its members improve their profiles; if the site is to become competitive in the sales industry, it must provide companies with robust information on social networks. It is odd, therefore, that LinkedIn’s platform is confusing to many, and also, as Ms. Hempel points out, that LinkedIn has not commissioned any “How to” books about using its site. How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile is cited as one of the premier books on the subject, a mention which makes me proud. Hempel observes that LinkedIn has been extremely persistent in its vision, making it “the single biggest repository of career data” and positioning the site to be a force in how business is done worldwide. This observation brings me back to my radio interview and my point that the biggest mistake you can make on LinkedIn is not to be on the site or not to take it seriously. How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile I’m doing everything I can to support LinkedIn members in creating effective profiles (and to keep up with the rapid changes LinkedIn is making to its functionality). If you haven’t yet read How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, I encourage you to do so; you can get a free excerpt by signing up for my e-list at https://forms.aweber.com/form/58/584588858.htm. If you want the full version, including FREE lifetime updates, order the pdf for just $9.97 from The Essay Expert. And as always, your questions are welcome. If you have a comment or question please enter it in the comments and you might just see an answer in a future blog!

The Bridge of San Luis Rey Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Manuel is the twin brother of Esteban, reared by the Abbess. Manuel is torn between a relationship he has between his twin brother Esteban and Camila, whom Esteban has feelings for. Esteban s relationship with Camila Perichole is certainly more passionate than compassionate since it comes at a great price of straining Manuel s relationship with his twin brother. Before Manuel dies, he refuses Esteban s offer to send for Camila, which shows that throughout the course of the story s treatment of Manuel, his passionate love for Camila has dried up. Manuel dispels his curses of Esteban, which shows that he has drifted back toward a compassionate relationship with his brother. Manuel changes Esteban by showing that the relationship the twins share is more powerful than any other. Given that they can experience each other s feelings, things return to the way they should be when Manuel refuses Camila s company and instead accepts precious moments with his brother. Pepita is an orphan who d evelops a relationship with several characters, including the Marquesa and the Abbess, as a faithful and obedient servant. Pepita is taken in by Dona Maria after her time at the Convent. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bridge of San Luis Rey or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Unfortunately, the next morning, both women perish on the bridge. Pepita s letter does, in the end, have an effect on Dona Maria. Dona Maria asks Pepita about her letter to the Abbess, which Pepita says she has burned.

Political Philosphies of Liberalism - 726 Words

Liberalism If we want to speak about liberalism, we have to speak about how liberalism came into the nationals systems of many countries. Liberalism includes a lot of different political philosophies and people have fight for it or against it over time. Nowadays it is criticized but In 1689, John Locke published his book â€Å"Two Treatises on Governments† which established the natural right theory and two fundamental ideas on liberalism: the economic and the intellectual liberty. The natural right theory argued that â€Å"life, liberty and property†. It was the classical liberalism at that time and it was a new way to see human possibilities. â€Å"Classical liberalism is founded upon a notion of free rights for every person, including freedom of speech and freedom of religion.† This was also for free market economy, and only little intrusion on private property by the government. Classical liberalism rose in the 16th and 17th century. It is based on free trade to govern and ruled the interactions within the society. In the French Enlightenment, Voltaire and Rousseau were for the creation of a constitutional monarchy which could help to get a natural freedom. Rousseau spokes also about the social contracts within a country between the population and the government. In the Scottish Enlightenment, Hume and Smith agreed that â€Å"capital, not gold, is the wealth of nations†. Smith published in 1776 â€Å"The Wealth of Nations† which main subject, as we all hear a lot about, was the invisible handShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke: Second Treatise of Civil Government Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes before him.John Locke became convinced that true knowledge cannot be attained in natural science, but only through concrete mathematics. This theory was later adopted by several other philosophers. Locke was the first theorist of the philosphy of liberalism, which says that the state exists to preserve the natural rights of its citizens.Lockes philosophical beliefs and theories are the basis of numerous other philosophers, and play an important role in the development of the American judicialRead MoreJean Jacques Rousseau And The Discourse On Inequality1546 Words   |  7 PagesOverview on Rousseau and the Discourse. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born on June 28th, 1712 in Geneva, Switzerland and died on July 2nd, 1778 in Ermeonville, France. The Swiss born would later become one of the most well-known philosopher, writer and political theorist whose treaties and novels greatly inspired the leaders of the French Revolution and the Romantic period. Against popular belief, Rousseau was one – if not – the least academical modern philosophers but still remains in many was as one ofRead MoreEssay about Hegel and The Libertarians2958 Words   |  12 PagesHegel and The Libertarians ABSTRACT: This paper aims to show how the Hegelian philosophy can contribute to the conceptual discussions between the two strains of contemporary ethical-political philosophy. I argue that the Hegelian political theory is of central import to the discussion between communitarians and libertarians, both in the communitarian criticism of the libertarian — mainly in Michael Sandels criticism of Rawls — and in the Rawlsian project of a society founded in justice as equality

Does Advertising Affect Effect Our Food Choices Free Essays

With 11 herbs and spices, it’s finger licking good. Good evening ladies and gentlemen. â€Å"There is no love sincerer than the love for food. We will write a custom essay sample on Does Advertising Affect Effect Our Food Choices or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Said Sir George Bernard Shaw. Advertisers buy our love of food with big, flashy, bright adverts. For years, advertising has influenced us. We see them everywhere, on TV, the newspaper, billboards and on the web. Many scientific studies have shown that advertising influences the food we choose. Did you know that the average American child watches 20 000 food adverts a year, 9 out of ten are for fatty high sugar containing foods. The obesity epidemic is related to the rise in advertising. We are digging our graves with our very own forks and knives. Billions of dollars are spent each year on advertising, so that business can get their food onto your plate. This is very profitable. McDonalds spends about 2 billion dollars each year, advertising. Therefore, they control 64% of the United States hamburger market. % of the world’s population eats McDonalds every day. Mmm and they are loving it. Like most parents you’re sitting there, feeling completely helpless, knowing how much your precious darlings love the advertised fast foods. You rationalize that this is fresh food, prepared under 5 minutes and miraculously served at room temperature, how convenient is that? You silently wish that you did not know that it is made up of ingredients with more preservatives tha n an Egyptian mummy. This is the moment of truth. Researchers have shown that if nutritious foods are advertised, people are more likely to choose healthy foods. You have the power to demand responsible advertising. Like Barack Obama once said: It is time to change the way we do business. This will demand new thinking, and a new sense of responsibility. You can protect our future generations. So if music be the food of love , play on!!! How to cite Does Advertising Affect Effect Our Food Choices, Essays

Wallia Sports Company Growth Prospects

Introduction It is quite evident that from the reasons behind the formation of the Wallia sports company as well as the professional qualifications possessed by its founders, the company seemed to have good future prospects. The founders had done thorough marketing survey and analysis and discovered that the products they were about to unveil could do well in the market and give the company the anticipated cash flow.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Wallia Sports Company Growth Prospects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They were in fact in full compliance with marketing strategies that required marketing research of any pilot product which was about to be introduced into the market to test its viability (Klofsten 2002,p.32). Secondly, the pioneers had a wealth of skills and experience in starting up of companies and management of the same. The managers were people with excellent credentials and professional qual ifications. They had all that was required to prosper the company and make it a success. The investors and other stakeholders had confidence and their willingness to inject their funds in the company clearly showed that they had hopes in the company. The company had the ability to expand, grow, expand tremendously, and meet the investors’ confidence. Business Platform Framework In order to justify the company’s current financial situation, an analysis tool referred to as Business Platform was applied. This would clearly tell to what extend a company was vulnerable to being insolvent or liquid. The financial strength of a business could be ascertained using this analysis tool at any stage and establish the chances of survival for such a company (Klofsten 2002, p. 32). The financial stability of Wallia Sports Company would determine whether the company would be able to meet both present and future financial obligations and also the chances of its survival in the industry . How a Business Platform can be Achieved in Wallia Sports Company For any business entity to attain a business platform, there are crucial key elements necessary for that business to operate. The resources flow ought to be secured. One of these key elements is the market. There must be huge and reliable market where the company is planning to sell its product before developing it. The market developers would need to study general commercial potential and then report their findings to the management of the company. Wallia Company in its initial stages of establishment collaborated with other stakeholders and marketing was carried out from all perspectives. The market analysis was done long before the company was founded. However, despite their good start the company had recorded poor sales results in the past three years an indicator that something was not going well. There has always been a link between the sales of a company and the market. How good the market is would determine t he amount of sales to be realized out of sale of a product.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second crucial element is the product being offered. The product in question in this case is digital tachometer and stepometer. These are gym equipments and the company should be ready to meet the demand for the two products. The quality of these equipments should also be remarkable to make them appealing and increase the sales of the company. This would boost the company’s image and reputation and make it popular to the different gym and sports companies. Customers and external relations is another key element that should not be neglected. There should exist a good relationship between the customers and the company. This would enhance the communication between the two and customers would get an opportunity to express their views concerning the product being offered. The c ompany management would on the other hand be able to adjust their products to meet the customer satisfaction. External relations to other stakeholders would also be important for instance financial institutions as the company can obtain financial reinforcements when in financial difficulties. Like in the case of Wallia Company, it had been portrayed through the interest created by various investors who injected their money in to the company showing that they had confidence in the company. Finally, the company needs to have appropriately skilled and organized staff to manage the resources of the company. This is a crucial ingredient in the management of a company since no matter how much resources are owned by a company, without the proper management, it is meaningless (Greiner 1972, p.85). The staff should be qualified with relevant skills and professionalism should be the guiding principle in hiring of new staff. In the event that key staff exit the company or the market disappears ,the platform could be easily undermined. Storey’s 4ms (Management, Market, Money and motivation) Managers do rely on Storey’s 4ms to aid in the management of their company’s affairs. All business entities revolve around the four elements above to achieve their firm’s goals and objectives. The managerial structure of all organizations revolves around the four elements (Scott Bruce 1982, p. 56). The first aspect, management is the overriding element. It simply means getting things done in a systematic and right way. There is no company that can make any substantial progress if its management is not well coordinated.All the employees of an organization would need to observe proper delegation of duties, specialization and total commitment. The management of Wallia Sports Company seems to meet all these criteria and if this was the only determinant of the company’s futuregrowth, then it would happen definitely. Market is another feature to consider. T he nature of the market should be taken into consideration. We might have a market whereby customers are scattered over wide area and in such a case, an appropriate means of transport would be required to distribute the products. In addition, the number of competitors and the degree of substitutability of the product on sale should be taken into consideration.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Wallia Sports Company Growth Prospects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is an issue of money management. Money aids in acquiring the inventory to put up a business, pays the bills and is used to acquire other required resources for the expansion of business. Proper financial management is called for to maintain financial stability in an organization. The management of a company would need to make various financial decisions, for instance it might decide to sell its stocks. Finally, there is motivation. Some people do not take motivation as a major factor in management. It is always important for the management of the company to appreciate the efforts of its employees through rewarding them and promoting them when they deserve it. The future of Wallia Sports Company could be compromised because its market does not look prospective and no motivation had been witnessed on the part of employees anywhere. Eight cornerstones of the business platform All the eight cornerstones have been covered in the above discussion. Four of them are related to the company’s development and include idea, product, market and organizational development. Product refers to the commodities that are flooded to the market for the consumers to buy. The other two cornerstones which are: Core group expertise and prime mover and commitment, are related to the founders and CEO of the company. â€Å"Core group expertise is the variety of technical expertise required to start and run a business. The remaining two cornersto nes are related to external supply of resources and include customer and other firm relations† (Klofsten 2002, p.32). Company’s failure to sufficiently develop one of these cornerstones would imply the entire platform is undermined. How Business Platform is applicable to a Business Enterprise According to Klofsten (2002, p.32), if a business does not attain a platform within the first three years, it will not succeed. Some businesses cannot develop cornerstones during this duration. Failure to develop them during this time means they would never be developed and such a company would face severe repercussions. In the event that they are developed, such a company would continue to grow and progress and there would be no possibility of it shutting down or going bankrupt. Despite the fact that Wallia Sports Company was unable to realize high profits in the first three years coupled with low sales volume, it has been able to develop all the other cornerstones thereby giving some hopes to its investors. Stages of Growth Small enterprises normally undergo various stages through their development processes. This is a business evolution through which every business entity must go through (Mueller 1972, p.94)Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Start-up: The firms in this stage have simple organizational structures. There is no decentralization and the firms are highly centralized with informal set up. The company’s focal point is product development and they are driven by profit motive. The mean sales revenue growth is approximately 91 percent per annum and the mean employment growth is about 29 percent per annum. Expansion: Firms in this stage are slightly older and bigger enterprises. Their organizational structures are more complex. There is very little decentralization if any and the firms are still centralized. The firms begin to adopt functional specialization and the firm’s focal point is no longer product development but product commercialization. The mean sales revenue growth is much higher than that during the start-up stage and is estimated to be about 297 percent per annum. The mean employment growth is about 94 percent per annum. Maturity: The organizational structures of firms during this stag e are more complex. Enterprises are relatively larger and centralization is going down while formalization going higher. Mean sales revenue growth is about 99 percent per annum and the mean employment growth is 28 percent per annum. Diversification: The firms are medium-sized and they begin to have specialized structures. There is minimal centralization and formality is very high. Mean sales revenue growth is about 37 percent per annum while mean employment growth is 57 percent per annum. Management styles These are ways of formulating decisions and delegating them to subordinates. There are different management styles that include (Scott Bruce 1982, p.72): Autocratic: Under this style, the manager makes decisions unilaterally. Decisions will only reflect the views of the manager. Paternalistic: Decisions take into consideration the best interests of the workers. Communication is from the top to bottom and feedback to the management is advisable to boost the morale of the staff. Democratic: All the employees participate in decision-making. The communication is extensive in both directions and the majority agrees upon everything. Laissez-faire: This style of leadership is characterized by horizontal communication. There is also uncoordinated delegation of duties amongst the employees of an organization. Product Life Cycle Churchill Lewis (1983, p.42) point out that there are various stages through which a product passes from the initial introduction in the market until it exits from the market. It is an analysis of the life of the product in the market with regard to commercial costs and sales measures. These stages are four; Market introduction stage: In this stage, costs are extremely high, there is very minimal or no competition and there are slow sales volume. Growth stage: There is significant increase in sales volume.There is also rising profitability and reduction in overall costs due to economies of scale (Dodge Robbins 1992, p.54). Maturity: The overall costs are low. The number of market competitors has gone higher and industrial profits come down. Saturation and decline stage: Costs become counter-optimal. The profitability of the company diminishes and there is total stabilization of the sales volume. Conclusion The entire analysis of the case study with regard to Wallia Sports Company reflects the company’s position and its growth prospects. (Klofsten 2002,p.32) in his book â€Å"Business Platform† puts it clear that any business enterprise that is unable to sufficiently develop all the Business Platform cornerstones leaves its future in a compromising situation. The company had been unable to adhere to all the cornerstones, for instance after three years the company was only able to employ only four employees and at the same time the company’ turnover was very low with comparison to the total capital injected into the company. The other reason as to why this company might not grow in future is lo w-recorded sales volume over the past years. This could affect the company revenues to a large extend and drive it to bankruptcy level. List of References Klofsten, M 2009, Entrepreneurship and the PhD: A Case study of a doctoral mobility program, Paper for the Triple Helix Conference, Glasgow, Scotland. Dodge, R Robbins, J 1992, Stage of the organizational life cycle and competition as mediators of problem perception for small businesses, Strategic Management Journal, vol.15, no.2 , pp.121-134 Churchill, G Lewis, V 1983, The five stages of small business growth, Harvard Business Review, vol.61, no.1,pp. 1-8. Greiner, L 1972, Evolution and revolution as organizations grow, Harvard Business Review, vol.50, no.4, pp.37-46. Mueller, PC 1972, A life cycle theory of the firm, Journal of industrial Economics xx, vol.2, no.1, pp. 199-219. Scott, WG Bruce, 1972, Stages of Corporate Development-Part 1: Case No. 9-371-294, Harvard Business Review, vol.49, no.4, pp.37-46. This report on Wallia Sports Company Growth Prospects was written and submitted by user Katie Jackson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Strategic Alliance Recommendations

Strategic Alliance Recommendations Formation of strategic alliances in the international front requires proper assessment of the environmental conditions in the identified country. Therefore, in this case Dell has to assess the trade conditions in the UK before the establishment of a strategic alliance in the region.  Such evaluation must take into account all the factors that affect the computer business in the UK.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Alliance Recommendations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Based on the PESTEL model, the first group of factors falls within the realm of political requirements. In this case, Dell Inc has to assess the current and future legislations that directly affect the computer industry. The computer industry is in the UK is a lucrative industry due to high demand of computer products. However, the sector is heavily regulated by the government to ensure secure trade in computer products and services. Issue s such as data security have subjected the sector to intense regulations in the UK. Dell will therefore have to adhere to the requirements before establishing its strategic alliance in the region. With regards to political stability, the UK region is one of the regions in the world that is politically stable. With regards to economic issues, the UK is currently enjoying a state of economic recovery after the financial and economic crisis in the year 2008. The current economic conditions also favor the development of trade in the region. Most countries in the region such as the England and Ireland also experience a constant growth rate in the GDP. However, it is important to note that the region’s economy relies on very complicated financial services such as the subprime mortgages in the U.S. such conditions may lead to a future financial crisis if they are not solved. Socially, the UK region is one of the areas in the world that has a diverse range of social aspects that affe ct the manufacturing sector. The consumption in the country is heavily determined by the demographic factors such as age and gender. Consumption of computer products and service is higher among the youths and adults in early middle age. The consumer purchase decisions in the region are also affected by the value of the brand. The media sector plays an important role in influencing the consumer behavior in the region.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Technological environment in the UK is highly developed. The UK is the center of innovation in the world. Apart from the U.S. and Japan, the UK is one of the regions in the world that has highly developed technologies. This therefore presents a good opportunity for Dell to establish its alliances in the region. However, the company should be ready to experience intense competition due to the presence of other locally bas ed computer firms. With regards to environmental issues, the UK has tough environmental laws that control the activities of the environment. However the region has abundant natural resources that are important for operations of the company. Legal issues greatly influence the computer industry in the region. The UK has established regulations that are meant to control the establishment of trade. In spite of the aforementioned factors in the PESTEL analysis, I will not suspend or limit the operations of the company in UK due to availability of natural resource, better trade conditions, proper strategic location that can be easily accessed by many consumers across the world. The region has good trade networks, which Dell can use to import raw materials from other parts of the world and at the same time export its finished products.

Hyperbole and Hype

Hyperbole and Hype Hyperbole and Hype Hyperbole and Hype By Maeve Maddox I once thought that the slang word hype was a back-formation of the rhetorical term hyperbole because advertisements that â€Å"hype† something are often filled with exaggeration. For example, an untried stage production is advertised as â€Å"Broadway’s Biggest Blockbuster.† A shampoo claims it adds â€Å"an infinite shine† to hair. A pick-up truck is shown pulling a jet plane. A person drinking a particular soft drink sprouts wings and flies. All of these selling ploys are examples of hyperbole as well as of hype, but the two words are not related. Hyperbole comes from a Greek word meaning â€Å"excess† or â€Å"exaggeration.† The verb hype, in the sense of aggressively marketing a product with exaggerated enthusiasm, appears to derive from a U.S. slang term of unknown origin meaning â€Å"To short-change, to cheat; to deceive, to con, esp. by false publicity.† The descriptive word hyped, meaning â€Å"worked up, stimulated,† as in â€Å"You’re really hyped today,† comes from a different source. This kind of â€Å"hype† derives from the excited state exhibited by a drug addict under the influence of something injected from a hypodermic needle. Hyperbole is a rhetorical term that uses an exaggerated or extravagant statement. Many clichà ©s are examples of hyperbole: I’m hungry enough to eat a horse. It’s raining cats and dogs. This suitcase weighs a ton. Sam’s all bent out of shape because of Jack’s promotion. As a literary device, hyperbole can be used for humorous effect. Mark Twain is noted for it: if you are anywheres where it wont do for you to scratch, why you will itch all over in upwards of a thousand places. Huckleberry Finn I was helpless. I did not know what in the world to do. I was quaking from head to foot, and could have hung my hat on my eyes, they stuck out so far. Old Times on the Mississippi The genre known as the â€Å"tall tale† makes use of extended hyperbole. For example, the plot elements in the Paul Bunyan stories present one exaggeration after the other: Paul Bunyan was so big as a baby, it took five giant storks to deliver him to his parents’ house. His first bed was a lumber wagon. He screamed so loudly for his meals that nearby frogs took to wearing earmuffs. When Paul grew up, he became a lumberjack and acquired a huge ax. What we know as the Grand Canyon came into existence when Paul took a stroll, dragging his ax behind him. Used in literature, hyperbole can be a source of humor or heightened emotion. Used in advertising and news reporting, it can be a source of misinformation and fear-mongering. Many of the terms used in the media to report on political activities seem to be chosen for their scare value. The term â€Å"nuclear option† is an example. We open our newspapers (or websites) to headlines like this one: Senate Votes For Nuclear Option No, the Senate has not approved dropping an H-bomb. The scary term refers to a plan to reduce the number of votes required to break a filibuster. Where did such a hyperbolic term for parliamentary procedure come from? In 2003, then Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott proposed the adoption of such a plan, calling it â€Å"nuclear.† He was tired of having the opposition block his party’s candidates for district and circuit judge appointments. I suppose he chose the term â€Å"nuclear† because he saw the plan as a way to blast through a political logjam. Politics is not the only area of reporting that makes use of hyperbole to lure readers and viewers. Weather announcers choose words and phrases associated with disaster to exaggerate the importance of unexceptional seasonal weather events. Ordinary hot summer temperatures become â€Å"a possible life-threatening heat wave.† The first hint of snow becomes â€Å"the first major snow of the season.† Hype in advertising is crass and obvious. Consumers can be swept along by it, but they probably recognize it for what it is. Hyperbole is an amusing and useful literary device that spices conversation and enriches literature, but in advertising and news reporting, its often used to evoke fear and dread. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)"Have" vs "Having" in Certain ExpressionsDouble Possessive

Sustainable Marketing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Sustainable Marketing - Coursework Example The firms need to keep in mind the simple equation of gaining advantage through providing goods and services to their customers. They should never lose its ends even though they are put into complications so as to maintain the profitability and future sustenance of the firm. The criticalities they face in such a run of employing sustainability marketing and still remaining profitable is the discussion topic of this report. Ultimately, it is explained that branding of the firm’s products is the sole aim for which the firm needs to perspire to achieve all its sustainability and profitability goals. From the organizational point of view, goals are met by satisfying individual goals of stakeholders while upholding the preservation, protection and conservation of the physical environment. Thus it should focus on business development and growth responsibility. On the basis of strategy, it is a view which is developed holistically in the minds of consumers, that the reward they pay does not affect adversely the natural and human well-being in the present and future. It is the responsibility of the organizations to manipulate the four elements of marketing mix (Product, price, place and promotion) to ensure optimum environmental benefits in the form of reduced waste and release of toxins and enhancing energy efficiency. (Anon., 2011) Reference to and different terminologies in use: The synonyms to the term could be described as â€Å"Green Marketing† to imply that it plans to develop a greener earth which can offer a promising future for the future generations. At the same time, it does not discourage consumption to be called as â€Å"Oxymoron† which means encouraging consumption in an eco-friendly manner. If pursued from strategic point, it is referred as ethical marketing. It stresses on the challenges that the world faces

Developing work in and with communities Assignment

Developing work in and with communities - Assignment Example There is no denying that the only way forward is by strengthening the community through cross-community relations. Personally, I believe that integration is a long-way battle considering that Northern Irish society in general, do not subscribe to a unilateral agenda. And as long as these divisions are encouraged, the same issues will thrive and Northern Ireland will remain a weak state in the face of a hypercritical world. Today, various interests groups abound but it is the growing number of youth and working professionals taking part in a nonviolent form of resistance that holds a promise. It means that students do not only feel the burden, they also want to lessen the burden. It means that the working class seeks for counter-culture attacks in the face of the ignoble Irish failure (against European success). It means that the status quo is not favored and the once naà ¯ve groups are finally capable of taking responsibility. The foundation of Section 75 I believe is a testament that the conditions mentioned above are recognized by the state. It is like reinforcing the people that public authorities are there to serve and that amidst the many divisions, the government is one with the people in pushing for a better and inclusive Northern Ireland. Unfortunately, statistics and empirical evidence do not seem to reinforce the government’s stance. Records would agree that children’s rights are continuously hindered by poverty and that poor children are still easy preys for discrimination and economic exploitation. Children remain voiceless. Though there have been researches that involved children’s perspectives on sectarianism, equality promised by Section 75 is nowhere to be found. Although various structural mechanisms have been created to foster service provisions to the youth, the fact is that even schools are no longer havens

The Video Game Console Market Marketing Essay

The Video Game Console Market Marketing Essay The video game console market is a fast growing market. Sonys PlayStation 3 competes together with Nintendos Wii and Microsofts Xbox 360 for the market leader position. Compared with these competitors, Sonys PS3 includes the newest technologies and provides the highest variety of functionalities. Therefore, Sonys strategy is to target customers who focus on high technologies and multimedia-entertainment. However, this involves that the PS3 competes not only with console manufacturers, but also with other multimedia producers such as PC manufacturers. Due to the fact, that the Sonys PS3 will be quite expensive, the console will be available in a premium edition and in a cheaper basic edition. Considering the distribution of its PS3 games, Sony tries to change its traditional supply chain by providing an Internet platform, where users can download games. This results in saving costs and a faster distribution. Furthermore, the most important marketing tool is the Internet for promoting the PlayStation 3. Blogs, MySpace, YouTube and other kind of websites enable an area-wide promotion of the game console and especially, it is done by consumers. Another important tool is the official website, which offers among others information about the console and about available games. Additionally, Sony promotes its PlayStation 3 together with a meaningful slogan, which differs between Europe (This is living) and U.S. (Play Beyond). Finally, Sonys financing objectives are to sell 15 million exemplars in the first-year and to achieve total sales revenue of $8.25 billion. Its marketing goals are to sell more than 100 million exemplars in the long-run and to become the market leader. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 1 Situation Analysis 2 2.1 Current marketing environment 2 2.2 Current Product Line 2 2.3 Product Analysis 3 2.4 Target Markets 3 2.5 Competitive Analysis 5 2.6 Product/Market Analysis Tools 5 2.7 SWOT Analysis 8 3 Objectives 8 4 Competition 9 4.1 Game console industry 9 4.2 Direct competitors 9 4.3 Market concept of competition 11 5 Product Unique selling proposition 12 6 Distribution 12 6.1 Supply chain 12 6.2 Next generation supply chain 14 6.3 Business Models 15 7 Marketing Strategy 16 7.1 AIDA 17 8 Marketing Mix Strategy of 4 Ps 18 8.1 Product 18 8.2 Price 18 8.3 Place 19 8.4 Promotion 19 9 Financial projections 19 10 Implementation controls 20 Situation Analysis Current marketing environment The video game console market is highly influenced from its demographic and technological environment. The worldwide population is growing and more and more people have a strong need for entertainment. Many people require something against boredom in their free time. Furthermore, the technology environment creates a variety of new functionalities which are almost unlimited. According to Moores Law, processor speed and memory capability reduplicate almost every 18 months by constant prices. Additionally, technologies such as High Definition TV provide a new way of entertainment consumption. Finally, another important influence in peoples behavior is enabled by the Internet. Its introduction was a milestone of the new economy. It allows finding almost any required information and enables worldwide communication as well as interaction and it simplifies doing business. Current Product Line Before we describe the features and functionalities of Sonys new video game console, the PlayStation 3, we would like to give a short overview of the companys current home video game line: PlayStation (PS1) The Sony PlayStation is the companys first video game console and was produced in the mid-1990s. It belongs to the fifth generation of video game consoles and provides a 32-bit processor. Furthermore, the PlayStation was the first game console that reached the 100 million mark. PlayStation 2 (PS2) Sonys PlayStation 2 is part of the sixth generation era and was released in 2000. Besides its 128-bit processor, it was the fist video game console that provides DVD playback functionality. It placed first in number of units sold in its sixth generation of video game consoles and it became the fastest selling and most popular game console in history, with over 110 million units shipped worldwide by November 2006.  [1]   PlayStation Portable (PSP) Sonys PlayStation Portable was the companys first handheld game console released in 2004. Besides playing games, it also provides different functionalities such as playing music, watching videos, viewing pictures and using Internet applications. Nowadays, the PSP is the main competitor of Nintendos Game Boy and Nintendo DS. Product Analysis The Sony PlayStation 3 (PS3) is the seventh generation video game console and the third in Sonys PlayStation series. The console was launched in North America and Japan in November 2006 and is yet expected to be launched in Europe by March 2007. The reason for its delay in Europe is a shortness of supplies with parts of the Blu-ray drive. The console offers high-end technology and it has been described as an engineering masterpiece because of its promising specification and use of new technology.  [2]   Furthermore, the PS3 will be available in two different editions on the one hand, a basic edition with a 20 GB hard disk drive (HDD), and on the other hand a premium edition with 60 GB HDD. Nevertheless, both editions will have key elements such the Blu-Ray Disc for High Definition movies, the Cell chip, Giga-bit Ethernet for high speed Internet-connection, and an HDMI connection for optimum output on HDTV. Compared with the basic edition, the premium edition will provide some extra features like support for multiple external memory storage devices (Memory stick, SD) and Wireless connectivity. More information about the specification can you find in the Appendix. Furthermore, Sonys newest game console provides a Linux operating system and some Internet applications such as an Opera Web browser and multiplaying functionality. Finally, another feature of the PlayStation 3 is the backward compatibility to Sonys previous video games for PS1 and PS2. Target Markets The following section should provide an overview of Sonys target market and of its targeted customers. Target market approach In our opinion, Sony should use a segmentation approach as their general strategy to reach targeted customers. Although mass-marketing would create the largest potential market, which leads to the lowest costs and results in lower prices or higher margins, we propose segment marketing because it can create a more fine-tuned product offering and price for the target segment. Moreover, this approach enables to select more easily the best distribution and communication channels, and to have a clearer picture of the main competitors.  [3]   Segmenting consumer markets Cultural distinctions, different needs and demands of individuals, and diversities in customers buying behaviours require market segmentation of companies to satisfy their customers effectively. Thereby, the market can be divided in geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioural segmentation variables and the company can focus on target segments which it wants to attract.  [4]   According to Sony, the main geographic segments of the PlayStation 3 consist of the Northern America market, the Japanese market and the European market. When Sony released his first video game console PlayStation in 1994, the companys main focus was on the marketplace from 12- to 17-year-old boys. But nowadays, Sonys demographic segmentation divides the market of the PS3 in male and female, old and young players and expands its business vastly to a mainstream entertainment.  [5]  The PS3 offers a multifaceted repertoire of video games which includes something for everybody. Theres not merely one game to ultimately define the PS3 platform, but rather different must-have games for different segments of consumers. Additionally, an important and profitable demographic segment could be the college market because according to a study by Anderson Analytics GenX2Z only 26 percent of students report not playing video games.  [6]   Furthermore, Sony concentrates on a strong customer loyalty status in the behavioural segment. Besides its popular brand and the high reputation of its products, the company tries to win over its former consumers by the implementation of a backward compatibility which enables to play video games from its previous video game consoles (PlayStation 1, PlayStation 2). Finally, one of the important target segments of the PS3 involves consumers who require high technology. The company is convinced that its consumers desire and want to get the best out of the best. Characteristics of the targeted customers / product uses As already mentioned, Sonys targeted customers want to have the newest technologies and functionalities. Moreover, they need an entertainment system which provides functionalities such as viewing pictures, movies or listening music. The Playstation 3 can fulfil all this particular requirements and reach therewith a lot of different customers. First of all, video game players can use the console, because it provides high technology and a lot of different available games. Furthermore, movie lovers can use the PS3 because it involves a DVD drive and also allows watching movies in High Definition with its Blu-Ray drive. Moreover, customers can use the game console to see pictures from their last holidays easily by inserting their memory card in the included card-reader. Finally, customer can use the console to surf in the Internet or to use it instead of a computer, because its Linux operation system provides similar functionalities. Summarized, all members of a family can use the PlayStation 3 for different needs. For instance, children play video games during the day and when the father arrives, he uses the PlayStation to read his emails. Thereafter, the mother inserts the SD card in the PS3 and shows him the pictures from her trip to Stockholm last weekend. And at the evening, the whole family watch a movie together. This multimedia functionality provides the biggest benefit for the PS3s consumers. Purchasing process Some customers make their decision which game console they want to buy dependent from the number of available games. Not only the functionality and technology, but also the variety of games can be important for the decision-making process of customers. Therefore, the company has to offer information about the games which will be available for its game console. The primary channel for providing such information would be the official webpage. Furthermore, the final end-user of the game console is not always responsible for the purchasing process. For instance, sometimes parents purchase the game console for their children, and therewith another party is involved in the purchasing process. Market size estimations The number of consumers in the video game console industry increased continuously during the last years. Due to the fact, that game consoles of the newest generation are comparable with an entertainment system, we estimate a market size of 400 million potential users in Europe if everybody would buy the product. Considering that one product would be enough for a family, our final estimation of potential consumers will be 100 million in Europe. Furthermore, a forecast report of PricewaterhouseCoopers has shown that by 2010, the worldwide video game market will grow to $46.5 billion, at an average 11.4% compound annual rate.  [7]   Competitive Analysis Nintendo and Microsoft are the main competitors of Sony in the video game console industry. Considering the seventh generation, Sonys PlayStation 3 compete with Nintendos Wii and Microsofts Xbox 360. These two consoles were released world-wide in November 2006 and November 2005 respectively.  [8]   According to a study of the NPD Group about the best-selling video game consoles for December 2006, the Xbox 360 sold 1.1 million units, the Wii 604.2 thousand units and the PS3 490.7 thousand units. However, the PS3 sales figures include only the U.S. and Japan market, where it is released already. More details about the competition situation will be discussed in chapter 4 Competition. Product/Market Analysis Tools Product Life Cycle According to Sonys previous game consoles, the PlayStation 3 should have a 10-year product life-cycle. Its state-of-the-art technology involves that the usage of the PS3 resources and technology are just at the beginning and can fulfil all game requirements in the next years.  [9]   The product life-cycle consists of four different stages: Introduction: At this stage, the sales growth increase slowly when the product is introduced to the market. In Europe, the PS 3 is already located in the middle of this stage, because many game-console lovers and fans have ordered the PS 3 in advance to become one of the first consumers after its release in March 2007. For instance, a new PS 3 is pre-ordered almost each 20 seconds in Great Britain.  [10]   Growth: At this period, a market acceptance of the product is recognizable and the number of sales units increases. First-users report about the product positively and other consumers are becoming curious. Maturity: A slowdown in sales growth will be at this stage because the product has achieved acceptance by most of the buyers. Decline: Most of the potential buyers have already the product and therewith the number of sales declines. Figure 1: PlayStations Product Life-Cycle Different marketing strategies are necessary for each stage of the product life-cycle. We will discuss our recommended strategies in7 Marketing Strategy. Due to the fact, that the PlayStation 3 was already released in Japan and U.S., Figure 2 shows that the PlayStation 3 is located in a higher position compared with Europe. Figure 2: PS3s Product Life-Cycle in Japan and U.S. After shortness of supplies and an enormous rush demand in Japan and in the United States after the release in November 2006, a kind of stagnation is visible in these both markets today. Vendors report that a large contingent of the PlayStation 3 is still available in their shops.  [11]  Although Sony sees the reason for that in its optimized supply chain, the company has to consider new marketing strategies to increase its sales. The Boston Consulting Groups Growth-Share Matrix In the following section, we would like to analyse and classify Sonys game console product portfolio by profit potentials. Therefore, we used the Boston Consulting Group approach presented by Kotler.  [12]   Due to the fact, that the PlayStation 1 is not be sold anymore, we didnt regard it in our analysis. Figure 3: BCGs Growth-Share Matrix for Sonys game console product-line First, we placed the PlayStation Portable in the Question marks sector, because the market of game handhelds is still growing and as the strongest competitor of the market leader Nintendo DS, the relative market share of the PSP increases. Therefore, Sony has to spend a lot of money in the development and advertising of the PSP to keep up with the fast-growing market, and to overtake the market leader. Additionally, we also placed the PlayStation 3 in the Question marks sector, because the market of the seventh generation video game consoles is still increasing and it is not visible already if the PS 3 will take the position of the market leader. Finally, we located the PlayStation 2 in the Cash cow sector. The PS2 has a falling market growth rate after the release of the next generation game console. Nevertheless, it is still the market leader in its generation and it achieved higher sales units (1.4 million) as the Xbox360 (1.1 million), Nintendo Wii (604.2 thousand), and the PlayStation 3 (490.7 thousand) in December 2006.  [13]  According to the 10-year product life-cycle, the PS2 is in the decline stage and will stay in the market for the next 3 years yet. SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis is the overall evaluation of a companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.  [14]  It is used as a framework to help an organization develop its marketing strategy. Thereby, strengths and weaknesses are internal factors which can be controlled by an organization, whereas opportunities and threats consist of external factors which are uncontrollable by an organization. Figure 4: SWOT analysis for Sonys PlayStation 3 Objectives Sonys financial objectives are to: Achieve first-year total sales revenue of $8.25 billion, based on an average price of $550 per unit. Sonys PlayStation 3 marketing objectives are to: Achieve a first-year unit sales volume of 15 million, which represent a projected market share of 25 percent. Increase second-year share to 40 percent and become the market leader. Sell more than 100 million units in the long-term. Arrange for distribution through the leading electric, video games and computer retailer in the top 100 and establish an Internet platform. Competition Game console industry According to the industry concept of competition presented by Kotler  [15]  , an industry is a group of firms that offer a product or class of products that are close substitutes for another product. The structure type of the video game console industry is an oligopoly, because the Japanese Nintendo and Sony, and the U.S. Microsoft dominate the market. Particularly, the structure is a differentiated oligopoly, because only few companies producing products partially differentiated along lines of price and features. Furthermore, the console industry is characterized by large cost of barriers to entry according to Porters model of five competitive forces. It may cost up to $2 billion to develop a competitive console platform and returns on investment may take several years.  [16]   Furthermore, these three console manufacturers have a similar business model consisting of the following three income flows: Hardware sales Sales of own software/games Licences fees from other software/game developers that use the console platform Finally, Nintendo, Microsoft, and Sony compete on a global basis with core markets in Japan, Europe and in the United States. Direct competitors The following section compares the direct competitors Nintendo, Microsoft and Sony with regard to their products, prices, sales units and game range. Product differentiation First of all, the following table shows the particular specification of each game console: Nintendo Wii Microsoft Xbox 360 Sony PlayStation 3 First publication 19 November 2006 (USA) 22 November 2005 (USA) 11 November 2006 (Japan) Processor IBM Broadway PowerPC (729 MHz) Tri-Core Xenon PowerPC (3,2 GHz) PPC Cell PowerPC (3,2 GHz) Graphic chip ATI Hollywood (243 MHz) ATI Xenos (500 MHz) nvidia RSX (550 MHz) Drives Own format (Wii and GameCube) CD, DVD (external HD-DVD drive available) CD, DVD, Blu-ray Maximal video quality SDTV = 480p (NTSC) or 576p (PAL/SECAM) HDTV = 480p 720p 1080i/p HDTV = 480p 720p 1080i/p (supports HDMI) Back. compatibility yes yes yes HDD 20 GB 20 GB / 60 GB I/O USB 2.0 (x2), SD USB 2.0 (x3) USB 2.0 (x4), PE: MemoryStick, SD CompactFlash Communication IEEE 802.11b/g Ethernet Extra feature: Wlan-Adapter Ethernet, Bluetooth 2.0, Wireless Controller, IEEE 802.11b/g (only premium edition) Furthermore, both competitors of Sonys PS3 provide an internet platform: Microsoft: Xbox Live Arcade Xbox Live Arcade (XBLA) is an online service that is used to distribute video games to Xbox 360 owners. Thereby, Microsoft offers an Xbox Live Marketplace, a virtual market place, where consumers can download movie and game trailers, game demos, Xbox Live Arcade games, gamer tag images, and Xbox 360 Dashboard themes.  [17]  The consumers can pay with Microsoft Points, which can be purchased by credit cards. Nintendo: WiiConnect24 It allows distributing content such as software patches and updated game contents while the Wii is on stand-bye.  [18]   Price strategy Nintendo offers the cheapest price in the game console market. Therefore, the company dispense with some extra features such as DVD drives or HDTV quality. Contrary, Sonys PlayStation 3 offers the newest technology with a plenty of accessories, but also the highest price. The following list shows the current prices in January 2007:  [19]   Nintendo Wii Microsoft Xbox 360 Sony PlayStation 3 Ca. 250 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 300 400 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ (HDD-drive costs 200 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ extra) Basic edition: 500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Premium edition: 600 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Market share in Japan and U.S. The following figures show how many game consoles each of the manufacturers has sold in Japan and U.S. during the last months:  [20]  21 Whereas Nintendos Wii was the market leader during the Christmas time in Japan, Microsofts Xbox 360 could sell the most units in the United States. Games An important criterion for buyers is the volume of games which are available for each game console. At the moment, Microsofts Xbox 360 consists of 82 exclusive games and 132 cross-platform games. In contrary, Nintendo offers 55 exclusive and 96 cross-platform games for its Wii. For Sonys PlayStation 3, 43 exclusive and 77 cross-platform games are planned. Figure 5: Available games for each console (Source GAMEZONE)  [22]   Market concept of competition Due to the fact, that the PlayStation 3 is more a multimedia centre than only a game console, we have to consider more competitors as only game console manufacturers. Therefore, we used the approach of Rayport and Jaworski to identify direct and indirect competitors by mapping the buyers steps in using the product.  [23]  The following figure shows the PS3s direct and indirect competitors: Figure 6: Competitor Map Sony PlayStation 3 Summarized, Sonys PlayStation 3 competes not only with other video game console companies, but also with PC manufactures and other high technology producers. Sonys PS3 offers besides a Linux operating system a plenty of functionalities such as Internet to attract previous PC users and to expand its market. This approach is comparable with Coca-Cola which identifies milk, coffee, tea, and water products as its main competitors.  [24]   Finally, Figure 7 shows Sonys market position with regard to technology and price compared with its video game console competitors: Figure 7 Market position of the main video game consoles Product Unique selling proposition The unique selling proposition is a marketing approach to promote a products benefit and to convince customers that the company can deliver it. For Sonys PlayStation 3, the main benefit, especially compared with its competitors, is its functionality as a multimedia centre and its state-of-the-art technology. Nevertheless, Sony has to consider that its targeted consumers are located in different market segments with different demands and wishes. Therefore, the company has to develop different unique selling propositions. First considering the video game hardcore fans segment, these costumers want to have the best and newest technology. Due to the fact, that the PS3 fulfil these requirements at best compared with its competitors, Sony should promote this in its advertisements, especially in game magazines. Furthermore, Sony wants to attract also middle-age consumers and families. The most benefit for these customers is to use the PlayStation 3 as a multimedia system which offers a variety of functionalities. Therefore, the company should focus on its multimedia range. Summarized, the companys unique selling proposition should consist of newest technology and multimedia-functionality. To emphasize this, Sony uses a short slogan after every mention of its products. In the United States, Sony evokes the following slogan: Play Beyond. People should associate therewith that the PS3 is not only a game console which enables playing video games, but also a system which allows playing in High Digital quality and getting a feeling of reality. Furthermore, the PS3 offers more than playing video games, it is a multimedia system that can be used for different pleasures such as Internet surfing or watching movies that can also be interpreted as a kind of playing. However, Sony uses a different slogan for the European market. The reason is that people with few English skills will not understand the impact of Play Beyond or will be interpreted wrongly. Therefore, Sony uses the following slogan in Europe: This is living. The slogan is really simple and uses words which can be understood by not English-speakers. Consumers can associate that the PS3 delivers a kind of living standard and ensures to enjoy living. Furthermore, its a relation to PS3s multimedia functionalities which are desired for every household these days. It emphasizes that the game console is the core of living room entertainment. Distribution Supply chain With the video game industry being the fastest growing sector of the growing entertainment industry, the industrys revenue has now reached $26 billion in annual revenue and there is currently no indication of decline in the industry. So, in order to identify how the revenue is distributed, its essential to look at the supply chain of the entire PS3 business. As seen in the supply chain, there are opportunities in many aspects of the console business, coming from the actual console sales as well as extras such as games. Figure 8: Original supply chain for video games.  [25]   The customers, as identified by our segmentation analysis table, are at the end of the supply chain, and their consuming of video games are distributes across several actors. Additionally, the most known among the actors are of course the hardware manufacturers, which include Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft. Except for the revenue coming from the console sales, they also get about 20% of the market price for the games, which are mostly sold in the growth level of the product life-cycle. The additional revenue in the supply chain is split among the other actors. Looking more closely at the publishers and developers, we realize that the publishers are likely to take a large portion of the revenue. Those are the large international companies that have sufficient funds to build a distribution network and employ developers to pull off new best-selling games for the consoles. Hardware manufacturers usually try to pull off deals with these companies when they identify potential best-selling games because the top 3.3% of the games bring in 55% of the sales revenue. For this reason, some hardware manufacturers, most notable Microsoft, tend to buy top-creative publishers to secure exclusive rights of new games for their console. Because of the complexity with world-wide game launches, there are almost always distribution partners in the chain, those accounts for an estimate of 10% of the shelf price. Next are the retail channels, which include online stores as well as retail stores. However, they are becoming increasingly bypassed in the supply chain, as discussed in the next generation supply chain (described in detail below). When they do exist in the supply chain though, they take an estimate of 30% of the shelf price. Developers are a mix of artists and engineers that create the actual games played on the console. Typically, they are funded by the publishers and together they take between 40 to 60% of the shelf price. Notably, in recent years another actor have also entered the supply chain as the industry have grow

Democracy vs Dictatorship Essay

Dictatorship and democracy are two concepts with numerous views and differences. The first is not ideal for a society which seeks free press, human rights and equality. The second is, even though many facets have to be taken into account. Throughout history, scholars have laid out a range of arguments regarding the advantages and disadvantages of both systems in terms of development. Here, we will try to enumerate some of them. An authoritarian government is a form of government in which the power is centralized (single person or a group). Dictatorship have ruled in many countries and region of the world for years; Latin America, Africa, Caribbean and Asia (especially the Middle East). In all cases, it was not all evil, where genocide, assassination or corruption were common like with Saddam Hussein. Scholars agreed that some countries have seen a boost in socioeconomic development under authoritarian governments. It was the case for Dominican Republic under Trujillo, Argentina in the 60’s, Chile in the 70’s under Pinochet, Singapore or Turkey. For these leaders, their countries were not ready for democracy because â€Å" dictatorial governments could better impose rational, long-term development plans† (Handelman, 2011, 35). The father of Singapore’s authoritarian political system, Lee Kuan Yew, declared that discipline is more essential for a developed country than democracy. Lee also stated that â€Å"Democracy leads to indiscipline and disorderly conduct, which are inimical to development† (Handelman, 2011, 35). His strong statement was somewhat carried out by many LDC’s around the globe, especially in Africa where ethnic issues are common. In a dictatorship, there are no riots against the government or its affiliates, a single party is more likely in power, the ruler has unlimited power, plans are executed efficiently and in a fashion manner, most efficient during emergencies, and less room for corruption. Dictatorship also promotes obedience to the ruler, strict discipline is a MUST. There are also some advantages for an authoritarian government. The negative side of a dictatorship relates to absence of freedom of speech (the people has no say in how the system works, follow the leader blindly), no fair elections, oppression of people or member of the opposition, power to a small group, no civil rights (violation of human rights), poor governance, lack social welfare, social inequalities and the gap between rich and poor is very significant. Also, when it comes to ruthless dictatorship like Syria, atrocities and spread of war prevail. In short, dictatorship does not agree with international peace and even advocates of authoritarian governments admitted that most dictatorships have caused great damage to many countries education, economy and infrastructure systems (Handelman, 2011, 35). Dictatorship can be a burden for a country’s socioeconomic development. Democracy is the promotion of fairness, social equality, transparency, freedom and speech. Today, it is perceived the best form of government. A full definition from our book (Handelman, 2011, 31) pointed out that democracy is obvious when: most of the country’s leading government officials are elected; there is universal or near universal suffrage; elections are largely free of fraud and outside manipulation; opposition-party candidates have a realistic chance of being elected to important national offices; and civil liberties—including minority rights—are respected, with guarantees of free speech, free assembly, free press (media), and freedom of religion. Others define it in regard to fair election and governance. A democratic government will make sure that its people grasp the importance of its policies, promote fundamental rights and support a stronger middle class (Handelman, 2011, 30). Unlike dictatorship, a democracy does not use fear or force to govern its people. It is a free society where the civil society is empowered not weakened and where the rule of law prevail, not the rule of a person or a group (Geddes, 2004, 5). History has shown that most industrialize countries are democratic, perhaps because â€Å"industrialization leads to increases in wealth, education, communication and equality† (Handelman, 2011, 30). However, like dictatorship, democracy has some shortcomings. Scholars underlined that democracy can be as bad as dictatorship; unstable, promotes party interest and it can also be a waste of time and resources (enacting laws like the ban on gun currently for example). Revolt is less likely to happen in a free society because the people elected their representatives via fair elections. Some critics emphasized that democracy will not be efficient in the LDC’s if these states do not have a literacy rate of at least 50% as well as a socioeconomic modernization, which would narrow the gap between rich and the middle class (Handelman 2011, 34). Other critics insisted on the fact that democracy encourage corruption, and industrialization/globalization are western strategies to better exploit Third World countries (Handelman, 2011, 30). The paragraphs above showed several advantages of having a democratic society than an authoritarian one. They also have similarities and in some circumstances, they have to work together. Democracy is ideal because it promotes an equal society where everyone has a fair shot at success. Dictatorship does not. Thus, it might be fair to say that it is better for a society to experience another type of government (like a single-party) to consolidate a democratic development.

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 810 Words

It was another typical day in Washington as gray clouds drifted lazily across the blue sky, hiding the bright rays of the sun from view. A light shower sprinkled over Seattle and only increased as the clouds grew thicker and dense. Sixteen year old Jae Fault walked to school; Greenwood High. Jae paused and looked at his rippling reflection within a small puddle. He had long dark bangs that waved over his mysteriously orange right eye, and a partially shaved head where white fuzz was growing, exposing a normal light blue eye. Jae’s appearance wasn’t normal, one side of his hair was a deep black while the other was pure white like the color of snow. Similarly, his eyes also contrasted in color. People had always made fun of him because of this, so he always shaved off the white part and covered his orange eye. To finish off his â€Å"look†, from his black hair, stems a long ponytail that folds over his left shoulder. A small sigh escaped Jae’s mouth as he stepped over the puddle and continued his way to school, contemplating another bad start to the week. â€Å"Hmmm†¦ maybe if I change my appearance†¦ No I don’t care what anybody thinks of me, take it or leave it, I won’t change because I want to be accepted. I don’t care†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jae thinks to himself. Although he says this Jae knows a little part of him does, if he didn’t, he wouldn’t shave off his white hair and cover his different eye. Jae arrived to school and started walking to his first period class. The moment he enteredShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1110 Words   |  5 PagesI don’t know how I got to where I am, but I’m here now, and I have to win if I want to live. I am in a game, and in order to live, I have to escape. That’s the thing, though: I don’t know how to escape. I was running for my life around this old house that looked like it came straight out of a horror movie. 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Should Schools Be Involved Social Media - 956 Words

Running head: SHOULD SCHOOLS BE INVOLVED IN SOCIAL MEDIA? 1 â€Å"Position Paper 3: Should Schools Be Involved in Social Media?† Connie McCartney December 2, 2014 EDT 50060 SHOULD SCHOOLS BE INVOLVED IN SOCIAL MEDIA? 2 Introduction Social media is a trending topic for school districts. Should school districts embrace social media? Most students use some form of social media daily. Students are constantly checking their accounts to see how many â€Å"likes†, â€Å"tweets†, or â€Å"followers† they have. Teachers are constantly checking their cell phones or computers. Our society is becoming more and more dependent on social media. I think school districts should be involved in social media. I think the advantages of using social media outweigh the disadvantages. SHOULD SCHOOLS BE INVOLVED IN SOCIAL MEDIA? 3 Should schools use social media to communicate? Most schools have a Facebook or Twitter account to communicate with parents and students. 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